The Role of Capacity Management in Hospitality

A number of industries with a global dimension have embarked on serious capacity management approaches. Hospitality and tourism industries have been more concerned with enhancing capacity management with an aim of regulating demand and supply of their services (Pullman Rodgers, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on The Role of Capacity Management in Hospitality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Several socio-economic factors play a major role in shaping the supply and demand for hospitality services. The hospitality industry is a very wide field which includes various service providing industries like hotels, lodging facilities, restaurants, transportation, and other fields in the tourism sector. The constitution of a hospitality unit includes direct service providers, marketers, facility maintenance, and the human resource in general. According to Pullman and Rodgers (2009), capacity management refers to t he ability of a given industry to balance demand from clients as well as the potential of the service providers to offer quality services. With this in mind, the essay seeks to address the question of whether the role of capacity management in hospitality is to match supply with demand or to match demand with supply. It also explores, with relevant examples, the extent to which each case is true. Given the large scope of services offered in the hospitality industry, the need to regulate the usage rate of the various sectors is crucial to the success of the industry. It is therefore the role of capacity management to match supply with demand. Since the hospitality industry deals with people, it is necessary to match the services supplied with the number of clients served. Let us take an example of Western Australian (WA) hotel industry which recently was faced with accommodation capacity problem. The hotels rely heavily on the number of tourists from all over the world who visit the State. The fluctuating economic performance in the developed countries and particularly in Asia has had significant impact on the number of tourists visiting Australia (Pullman Rodgers, 2009). This is despite the fact that WA has been developing ultramodern hotel properties. This caused a considerable oversupply of facilities which implied underutilization of available resources. The fixed cost for hotel properties have remained high in most parts of the world and the greatest challenge faced by managers is to maximize the available facilities at all times. The imbalance between supply and demand in WA caused a short-term decline in occupancy rates and hence low income for the industry.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During low demand periods, the management should make adjustments to the various costs in order to cover up for the high fixed costs with an aim of avoid ing excess supply. Managers should be sensitive when ensuring maximum resource productivity so as not to compromise customer satisfaction (Pullman Rodgers, 2009). However, with the high certainty of economic stabilization, capacity management had to match supply with the demand that comes with increased number of tourists. The balancing of supply and demand in the hospitality industry is very crucial due to the characteristics of services offered. Most of the services are intangible, real-time, and perishable. Capacity management should therefore be in a position to match demand with supply. In the hotel industry, management has to balance between room capacity and the cost per room which should match demand. The factor to be considered here is the perishability of the service. When a room is not occupied for one night, it directly translates to loss of revenue and cannot be recovered otherwise. The management therefore ought to match the expected volume of business output with the ability of the sector to offer services. The paper has presented two but closely related arguments on the role of capacity management. It is evident that various situations call for different approaches of addressing them. Capacity management therefore demands that there be a balance between demand and supply for the good of both the hospitality industry owners and the customers. Reference Pullman, M. G. Rodgers, S. A. (2009). Understanding capacity management in the  hospitality industry (3rd ed). McGraw-Hill This term paper on The Role of Capacity Management in Hospitality was written and submitted by user Camilo F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Essential Guide to Freelance Ghostwriting

The Essential Guide to Freelance Ghostwriting Youve probably heard of the ghostwriting process, known people who have actually worked as ghostwriters, and read the work of a ghostwriter without even realizing it. Most aspects of this profession occur behind the scenes. So, what exactly is ghostwriting, and what does this process entail?What exactly is a ghostwriter?A ghostwriter is someone who is hired to write works of journalism or other literature, speeches, social media content, or other text that will be officially credited to someone else. Political leaders, celebrities, executives, and even some news representatives hire ghostwriters to create or rewrite memoirs, blogs, or newspaper and magazine articles. Ghostwriters also work in the music industry, creating musical works or lyrics, and in the movie industry, writing or improving scripts for screenplay authors. Even Mozart is known to have paid a ghostwriter to write music for wealthy patrons.Credit for ghostwritten works is not attributed to the ghostwriter. Usually, th e credited author and the ghostwriter both sign a contract including a confidentiality clause that requires the ghostwriter to be anonymous. The ghostwriter might be acknowledged as a researcher or a research assistant, but most of the time, the ghostwriter does not receive any public credit for his or her work.Timeline and feesGhostwriters complete their work over a period of time that ranges from months to a year, depending on the nature of the project, as they research, write, and edit both fiction and nonfiction works. Ghostwriting fees can be paid according to an agreed-upon rate per word, per page, or per project. A portion of the royalties from sales is also given to the ghostwriter after the work is published. Like any other freelance venture, Ghostwriters must keep detailed and accurate books if they expect to manage their businesses successfully.Roles and responsibilitiesThe degree and range of work a ghostwriter performs can vary. Sometimes a ghostwriter edits or rewrites sections of a rough draft or an unfinished piece of literature. In other cases, such as with an autobiography for a public figure, the ghostwriter performs a significant amount of research before creating the text from scratch. A popular fiction author may hire a ghostwriter to write books in the authors particular writing style in order to produce more books.The processWhen a ghostwriter is hired to write an autobiography, the credited author, his or her colleagues, and family members meet with the ghostwriter to discuss the potential content. The ghostwriter also finds interviews, articles, and video footage about the credited author or his or her work. In the case of nonfiction books or articles, a ghostwriter interviews the credited author and reviews past speeches, interviews, and other published articles about the credited author to accurately reflect his or her perspective and opinion within the text. Most of this work can be done via email, postal mail, phone call, and othe r modes of communication between the two parties.Types of ghostwritingSince the industries in which ghostwriters can work and the types of work they produce can vary widely, its pretty clear that ghostwriting can incorporate significantly different tasks. The following are the four main types of ghostwriting:Marketing letters from a company CEO These letters are sent from a company to business entities as a request to sell their product. If the letter is sent from the CEO, its probably a case of ghostwriting. Other sales correspondence with no apparent sender is usually not ghostwritten.Authors ideas in their own words In this case, authors pay a ghostwriter to flesh out their ideas and then turn them into a book or an article. The prep involves communication between the ghostwriter and the credited author, during which the former takes notes on the latters spoken word or sketched-out written notes and develops them into a book. The author might even send the ghostwriter a draft tha ts been mostly written already, and that just needs to be cleaned up through substantial editing or rewriting.Authors ideas in the ghostwriters words Authors might hire a ghostwriter to take a general outline theyve created, perform the research on the ideas, and then write a draft based on those ideas. In the end, the authors review the ghostwritten work and approve it for their use or make major changes to the draft according to their preferences.Ghostwriters ideas and words In this scenario, the ghostwriter must produce his/her own ideas, create an outline, perform the research, and write the content. The authors involvement here is only to approve the final work. An example of this type of service is a ghostwriter who has been hired to post to a celebritys Twitter account.Pros and Cons of GhostwritingGhostwriting offers some unique benefits and pitfalls. Here are a few benefits of working as a ghostwriter:Simply put, its easy money Freelance writers tend to turn to ghostwriting to ensure a relatively steady income after theyve left corporate life.Ghostwriting about a new field provides writers with an easy education Many people can become pseudo-experts in a certain field when they are mandated to research and write about it.Writing that goes public is always open for scrutiny and (heaven forbid!) criticism When your name isnt involved, it wont get dragged through the mud.But not all is roses and rainbows in the ghostwriting profession:You might get taken advantage of An inexperienced freelance writer can settle for a fee that is way below fair market value.Your clients might forget to refer you to colleagues Your name isnt attached to your work, so it cant help you to get new business. In ghostwriting, if you do good work, your client should ideally refer you to others. But your clients might not take this step, and theres nothing you can do about it, even if your work was awesome.Its a short-term game Theres a big market for ghostwriting. You can make go od money now, but your anonymity will prevent you from building your brand name and expertise in another field or for another business.Create and sign a contractDespite the disadvantages of devoting your life to a career in ghostwriting, there are a few actions you can take to protect your interests. Before you do any ghostwriting, you should come to an agreement with your client about the working conditions of the project and then put them into writing. Its a good idea to hire a lawyer to look over the contract before anyone signs it. The contract should specifically outline and describe the work youll be doing, your fee, when youll be paid (e.g., monthly, upon completion), and the project deadline. The contract should also include elements such as the following:Defined responsibilitiesHow will the labor be divided? Will your client give you an outline? Will he or she perform the research, or will you? When can you expect the necessary materials from the client? How does the client want to receive the completed text to review it- in pieces or in one finished product?Liability terms.An indemnification clause defines who carries the burden should any lawsuits arise. Ghostwriters should be protected by this clause in case the client sends any plagiarized text to work with at the beginning of the project.Author creditDoes your service make you completely invisible and, therefore, uncredited (this is the most common scenario in ghostwriting)? Or will you be acknowledged as a co-author and featured on the cover of the book?Terms for terminationOutline what will happen if the author or ghostwriter wants out before the project is finished.Responsibility for expensesIf you need to purchase access to research materials or travel to communicate with your client in person, how will the bills be split?ConfidentialityMany clients will ask for a nondisclosure agreement. This clause will protect the clients materials and keep you liable if you decide to go rogue in your ghos twriting.Getting the job doneWhen youve established your contract, its time to get down to work. If youre working without an outline from your client, start there. Create your outline and get it approved. Then youre ready to start the research and writing process.CommunicationSome clients will go heavy on face time, while others will prefer to be contacted only when theres already some text to work with. The amount of communication you engage in depends also on the type of project youre doing and the personalities of the people involved. Some people never meet their clients in person, and communicate solely over the Internet. Several tools are available today to ease the process of having to be in two different places at once, such as Track Changes in Microsoft Word. By using this feature, a client can mark up any text he receives from his ghostwriter, enabling him to communicate his thoughts and feedback right next to the exact phrases and words of debate. Then, after transferring the file via email, all the feedback is delivered in one tidy package. This approach is best if your client is generally happy with your work and wants only minor changes. If your client is looking for more substantial edits, then a phone conference is probably best to go over the revisions he wants to have you incorporate.Work togetherFind a working style that both of you are comfortable with. If you are writing to reflect your clients voice and make it sound like she wrote it, youll need to get a feel for her writing style. That means you will need to read and hear that voice.Pay attention to the phrases your client uses often and the structure of her sentences. Does she use certain words more frequently than others? Does she use long, drawn-out sentences, or does she write in shorter, more abrupt phrases? Do her descriptions require a dictionary to understand, or are they relatively simple?Finishing the jobWhen youve finished ghostwriting the chapters of the book or the sections of the article, your client should approve your work. Once hes given the all clear, you will create a final draft of all parts of your work. After youve sent your master file to your client and hes sent your check, thats it- youre done! He then goes on to play the role of the author, as per your agreement, and now youre ready to focus on your next ghostwriting project.

National Alcohol Action Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

National Alcohol Action Plan - Essay Example The rational for this proposal is in a number of legal contentions. First, children are considered as people who are not mature enough to take decisions on their own (ALAC). Knowing that the consumption of alcohol comes with a number of chemical effects that limit the degree at which a person can take decisions decisively, it is purported that in case with children who have to take decisions while they are intoxicated their judgmental abilities could be worsened. What is even worse, because children are generally thought to be people who cannot take tangible decisions, they are mostly not held accountable for their actions including times when they are drunk. For adults, they should face the consequences of breaking other laws and regulations if they do not heed to the advocacy to be prudent in their drinking and get themselves into any form of trouble (Babor et al., 2001). Overview of the Existing Law The existing law has mostly been referred to as extradition of torture. This accol ade might have come about due to the public perception associated with the harshness of the law in trying to control the issue of alcoholism in the land. A little scientific overview on alcoholism or the act of getting intoxicated shows that there could be a number of very negative repercussions on offenders (Centre for Social and Health Outcomes Research and Evaluations, 2006). First and foremost, alcoholism comes with a very perilous health risks including those that affect the heart, lever and lungs (Department of Corrections, 2004). The practice of getting intoxicated also affects the rationality of a person and could be associated with distorted thinking. Such distorted thinking causes people to act abnormally. In the face of legal positivism, which looks at the application of law from social facts, it be said that once a person begins to think irrationally, that person is bound to break other laws; including natural laws such as the peace that people ought to enjoy, physical a ssault, verbal assault and some forms of vandalism. In effect, a law that seeks to stop people from getting intoxicated would not be readily condemned as pessimistic. However, here comes the argument that the present law is not based on the provisions of legal realism as it has its reprimanding attributes from the Bible – a document that is not accepted by the people as the binding constitution from which they should be rules. Strengths of the Existing Law The